July 16 movie: Jazz episode 3. This one dealt with the mid to late 1920s, and covered a lot of people: Bessie Smith, Ethel Waters, Bix Beiderbecke, Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw, Jelly Roll Morton, and Josephine Baker among others. Plus more on Armstrong and Ellington. I can understand a little better now why some people have criticized the series for being shallow. Depth is impossible when you have to deal with the lives and careers of so many people in just a couple of hours. Still I think Jazz is doing a great job of putting these musicians into context. If all you knew about these artists was their names and maybe a couple of songs, after seeing this series you'd know which ones you wanted to learn more about.
What Jazz is best at, I think, is colorful stories about the musicians, often told by their contemporaries. By far the best story was Bessie Smith chasing away a gang of Klansmen through sheer force of will. The documentary tells this story without verification that it really happened (i.e. no documentation or witnesses). It's such a great story that I really want it to be true.
The documentary also gets into the legend about Louis Armstrong's song "Heebie Jeebies," which my dad had told me before. As the story goes, Armstrong was recording "Heebie Jeebies" and dropped his lyrics sheet. Not wanting to start over (recording being very expensive in 1926) he made up nonsense lyrics to fill in the song, thus inventing scat singing on the spot.
Alas, according to Wikipedia this isn't true. (Sorry Dad!) Wikipedia says there are earlier recordings of scat singing. But it is true that "Heebie Jeebies" was the first time most people ever heard scat.
Jazz is canny in their retelling of the legend: first they bring out someone who knew Armstrong. He says "There's this great story, maybe apocryphal, but I believe it's true ..." and starts telling how Armstrong invented scat. Then they cut to an old interview with Armstrong himself. Who, if you watch carefully, does not claim to invent scat singing, although he seems to be doing so. He says it was a thing the guys used to do among themselves for fun. Otherwise his account is the same as the legend -- dropping the lyrics sheet, spontaneously making up nonsense syllables so he wouldn't have to stop, etc. The narrator doesn't comment or provide any context (like, for instance, the factual information that there were earlier scat recordings).
My guess is that Armstrong's version of the legend is probably true. It probably was his spur-of-the-moment decision to scat on "Heebie Jeebies." He may even have really dropped his lyrics sheet. And it's undeniably true that "Heebie Jeebies" introduced the music-buying audience to scat singing. Who can blame Armstrong, a brilliant performer, for playing such a good story to the hilt?
I'm a little less forgiving of Ken Burns for the misleading, though technically factual, approach. It's an interesting example of how a documentary can propagate a falsehood without saying anything strictly untrue.